COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF STATE APPROACHES TO ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATION

Abstract

In the context of globalizing environmental challenges, national environmental protection strategies exhibit significant diversity, determined by historical, economic, and institutional contexts. In this article, the author presents the results of a comparative analysis of dominant models of state environmental regulation. In this article, the author conducts a comparative analysis of government approaches to environmental regulation in the United States, the European Union, China, and Russia. The following criteria were used for the analysis: the ideological basis of policy, dominant regulatory instruments, centralization of governance, key priorities, and international cooperation. The analysis shows that states' approaches to environmental regulation vary. These differences stem from fundamental features of their political and economic models, shaping specific, often competing, governance decisions where environmental imperatives are adapted to national interests and economic decisions.