RISKS OF ILLEGAL TRANSFER OF STRATEGICALLY IMPORTANT GOODS AND RESOURCES IN THE SYSTEM OF NATIONAL ECONOMIC SOVEREIGNTY OF THE STATE

Abstract

The illegal movement of strategically important goods and resources constitutes one of the most significant threats to the economic security of the Russian Federation in the context of the transformation of foreign economic activity, sanctions restrictions, and changes in trade and logistics routes. Strategically important goods and resources, the list of which is approved by the Government of the Russian Federation for the purposes of applying Article 226.1 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, include equipment, raw materials, timber, electronic components, and dual-use products, the illegal circulation of which may cause substantial economic damage to the state.

The article analyzes the risks associated with the illegal movement of these categories of goods based on statistical data from customs authorities for 2023–2024. It examines the dynamics of criminal cases initiated under Article 226.1 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, the volume of identified violations, and the results of activities carried out by mobile customs units in border areas. Particular attention is paid to typical illegal schemes, including misclassification of goods under the HS codes, understatement of customs value, fragmentation of consignments, concealment of strategically important goods within civilian cargo, as well as the use of transit and re-export schemes.

The study concludes that the illegal movement of strategically important goods has a systemic and adaptive nature, which necessitates further development of a risk-based approach, strengthening of post-clearance control, and expansion of mobile customs control practices in order to enhance the level of national economic security.