RATIONAL USE OF MINERAL RESOURCES IN THE CONTEXT OF GLOBAL CHALLENGES: HARMONIZATION OF NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL ACCOUNTING STANDARDS

Abstract

The article analyzes the problem of rational use of economic resources in the context of global challenges. The main focus is on mineral resources as the foundation of the economy’s mineral and raw material base. The study examines various approaches to understanding the nature of resources, their classification, and key properties. The specifics of mineral assets, the features of their valuation, and their reflection in financial statements are examined in detail. A comparison is made between Russian and international practices for accounting mineral assets. The paper substantiates the need to implement international valuation standards in Russia to enhance the investment attractiveness of mining projects. The research proposes an original financial and economic classification of mineral assets based on their investment role and risk level. Three asset groups are identified: strategic assets that ensure quick returns; operational assets that form stability; and potential assets that represent a long-term growth reserve. The classification takes into account parameters such as marginality, payback period, and liquidity, which allows for an objective ranking of deposit areas by development priority. The authors identify key problems of implementing international standards in Russia: regulatory and legal barriers, methodological inconsistency, insufficient transparency of reporting, and weak integration of ESG criteria. Solutions are proposed: harmonization of national classifications with international standards (UNFC 2009, CRIRSCO), increasing transparency of information disclosure, and taking into account environmental and social risks. The implementation of these measures will increase the investment attractiveness of the industry and ensure the sustainable development of the country’s mineral resource complex.