IMPLEMENTATION OF A PROCESS-BASED APPROACH TO COST AND TECHNOLOGY MANAGEMENT AT THE STAGES OF THE LIFE CYCLE OF A HIGH-TECH DEEP PROCESSED PRODUCT

Abstract

The study is devoted to the development of an adaptive methodology for management accounting of research and development (R&D) costs for highly processed products, with distribution into capitalizable and non-capitalizable costs throughout the life cycle of a high-tech product. The analysis revealed that classical cost calculation methods without adaptation are inapplicable to highly processed products due to the multi-stage life cycle, significant share of the intellectual component and the duration of the investment cycle, giving rise to a "gap" in the calculation between the first and serial samples. Five systemic gaps were also identified: tax temporary differences, uncertainty of cost classification, subjectivity of capitalization criteria, lack of industry-specific methods in mechanical engineering and lack of compulsory depreciation of intangible assets. The key elements of the proposal are: 1) division of costs (process approach) into pool A - research costs, one-time write-off; pool B - capitalizable development costs, intangible assets; pool C - production costs, serial production; 2) depreciation models for capitalized R&D costs. 3) a proactive impairment provisioning mechanism, including: the use of PERT analysis for probabilistic assessment; establishing a threshold for the probability of commercial success and, if the threshold falls, writing off the excess of the book value over the recoverable amount to the financial result.